VERBS PART 1

VERBS PART 1

- Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), 

   possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or 

   someone does.

- e.g : The dog bit the man.

           ( bit is the verb and the word which shows the action of the sentence.)  

- The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence.

- The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.

- Examples of verbs and compound verbs.

  > Dracula bites his victims on the neck. (The verb "bites" describes the action Dracula 

     takes.)

  > They will meet us at the newest cafe. (the compound verb "will meet" describes an action 

      that will take place in the future.)

  > My first teacher was Miss Crowford. (verb "was" the simple past tense of "is") identifies a 

     particular person).

  > Karl Creelman bicycled around the world in 1899, but his diaries and his bicycle were 

     destroyed. (describes an action which took place in the past.)

examples;  

Present	Past	Future
look	looked	will look
move	moved	will move
talk	talked	will talk

3 MAJOR CLASSES OF VERBS

1) LEXICAL VERBS/ FULL VERBS

     - Is the main verb of the sentence.

      - Have regular endings for forming present and past tense (call, calls, called)

      - Most common lexical verbs in English have irregular morphology.

2) PRIMARY VERBS
    - The verbs be, have, and do...all three of which can function as main verbs or auxiliary
        verbs.

     - Main verb function :

       e.g : He does his homework daily.

               His dad was an art professor.

3) AUXILIARY VERBS

     - Auxiliary verbs .

     - Auxiliary verb function (with main verb underlined) :

       e.g : I didn't invent Irish dancing.

               We are all worms, but I do believe I am a glowworm.

               I was wearing a dark ski mask.

     - Modal auxiliary (helping auxiliary)

     - Expresses necessity, uncertainty,ability, or permission.

     - e.g :  Will and would

                 Shall and would

                 May and might

                 Can and could

                 Must and have to

                 Ought to and had better

1) VERBS ABOUT MENTAL ACTIVITIES

     - believe, forget, know, notice,remember, understand.

      - e.g : I believe in God

                 I don't recognise him.

2) VERBS DESCRIBE EMOTIONAL STATE

     - desire, love, like, hate, prefer, want

      - e.g : She loves him.

                 He wants a new toy.

3) CERTAIN OTHER VERBS

     - belong, cost, fit, include, mean, need, own, matter

      - e.g : This book belongs to e.

                 The ticket cost five pounds

4) VERBS OF PERCEPTION

       - see, hear, taste, smell, feel (5 senses)

       - e.g : I can't hear you.

                 Can you smell the scent of the roses?

> SOME OTHER ENGLISH  STATIVE VERBS

      - Denote states rather than actions

      - Verbs 'have' and 'be' are usually stative can be dynamic in certain situations.

      - Think is stative when it means 'believe', but not when it means 'consider'.

      - e.g of non-stative verbs :  You are being silly.

                                                    She is having a baby.

                                                    I am thinking.

1) PRESENT SIMPLE

       

     - Present simple are use for thoughts and feeling, state of being, facts and things that

       are true for a long time.

                             

        > - A present state which exist now and a fact that always true.

           - Something was true in the past, is true now and will be true in the future.

           - e.g : The world is round.

        > -  A present habit/ an action we repeat regularly.

           - e.g : My class start at nine.

        > - A present event(which happens at the moment of speaking.

           - e.g: I regret that I made a mistake.

   2) PRESENT CONTINUOUS

\

          - For something happening now.

          - e.g : I am speaking to you.

          - For a routine or a situation that we see as temporary.

          - e.g: I'm working at a sport shop for six weeks.

          - Always

          - e.g : Tom is always inviting friends home.

  

          - Positives, negatives, and questions forms

	affirmative	negative	question
I	I am playing.	I am not playing.	Am I playing?
he, she, it	He is playing.	He is not playing.	Is he playing?
you, we, they	You are playing.	You are not playing.	Are you playing?

      

   - Forms of the present tense

         3rd person singular                              all others

                 He works                                             I work

                She works                                            You work

                The boss works                                    we work

               The telephone(it works )                       they work

                Her friend works                                   Her friends work   

    - I am/ have/ do/ say      (e.g: I don't like sweet.)

    - We/ you/ they/ are/ have/ do/ says      (e.g: We have pets.)

    - He/ she/ it/ has/ does/ says            (e.g: Siti has a pet.)